The process of using Tetraalkylammonium (“TAA”) based ionic liquids as a solvent to dissolve lithium salts has been shown to render an electrolyte solution having a wide electrochemical window for high voltage applications; however, in practice, the high viscosity of the electrolyte solution has limited the viability of the solution for many such...

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEM-FCs) are becoming an increasingly important technology in both stationary and mobile applications. Problems impeding the development of fuel cell technology mainly involve electrocatalysts and electrolyte membranes. Commercially available membranes limit the operating temperature range to an approximate...

The United States’ demand for battery and fuel cell materials is projected to grow 5.9 percent annually through 2009 rising to $3.4 billion in sales. Healthy gains in U.S. battery production, due to the growing popularity of high-drain electronic products such as digital cameras and wireless phones, will result in the increased use of high-value...