DNA profiling is now accepted as the most reliable and
conclusive method for personal identification. Improved methods of DNA profiling
have placed increased demand on the collection efficiency and processing of
samples. Current sampling techniques typically involve using a cotton swab for
sample collection. Cotton swabs have low collection efficiency due to the
adhesion of various types of cells to cotton fibers. This inefficiency creates
problems in a number of applications.
To address these issues, researchers at ASU have developed a
highly efficient swab comprised of aerogel material and a low-cost method for
fabricating the swab. The cross-linked aerogel material can be made to decompose
in a fast and controlled manner, resulting in liberation of the entire collected
sample. Easily modified surface chemistry provides the ability to alter the
mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of the material to optimize sample
collection and processing.
Potential Applications
The market for a high efficiency swab is poised to grow
rapidly, fueled by the emergence of numerous uses for DNA profiling and the need
for enhanced DNA collection.
- Forensic Evidence Collection Kits – Kits contain swabs
for collection of DNA evidence from blood, semen, or other samples, either
under controlled conditions or at a crime scene.
- Paternity Test Kits – Testing kits contain swabs for
collection of DNA from buccal cells, used both in clinics and at home.
- Genomic Sequencing (sequencing laboratories and
diagnostic kits) – Testing is often done using a swab to collect buccal or
saliva cells.
Benefits and Advantages
The high efficiency swab offers the following advantages:
- Adjustable Physiochemical Properties – Easily modified
surface chemistry provides the flexibility to alter mechanical, physical, and
chemical properties to optimize collection and processing for a particular
type of sample.
- Decomposable Matrix – Cross-linked polymer aerogel matrix
is made to decompose in a controlled manner which liberates the entire amount
of collected sample.
- Strength and Surface Area – Aerogel material provides a
unique combination of mechanical strength and high surface area (300-1000
m2/g), for efficient collection of various types of sample.
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