Lock in Amplifiers can extract signals from extremely noisy environments. This property can be put to use in improving the detection of signals in micro channels. In effect there is improvement in the signal to noise ratio hence increasing detection sensitivity in environmental and biological tests in miniaturized systems. There have are several...

Magnetically inducible particles, such as paramagnetic microspheres, when placed in an external magnetic field align along the magnetic flux lines, to form aggregates in the form of long chains. This phenomenon has been the topic of interest in recent years due to its possible applications in microfluidics and rheology. Until now the preferred...