Semiconductor devices such as MEMS, MOSFETS, CMOS, nMOS, pMOS, and BiCMOS comprise integrated circuits that perform complex and fast operations. As the dimensions of these devices continue to decrease, manufacturers must also fabricate increasingly smaller contacts in order to optimize device speeds. Specifically, these contacts require nanometer...

The promise of advanced neuroprosthetic systems to significantly improve the quality of life for many of the deaf, blind, or paralyzed population hinges on the development of effective, and safe, multi-channel neural interfaces for the central nervous system. In order to be successful, neural microelectrodes must have effectively long recording...