As mass spectrometry technology continues to develop and increase in sensitivity and throughput, its sample preparation needs to develop as well. Automation can increase throughput, increase reproducibility, and decrease operator-induced variability. Developing technologies have allowed for online control of the individual processing steps for biological...

Single cell analysis devices are finding increasing use (for studying cellular metabolism, respiration rates, protein expression, etc.) because they overcome the difficulties in ensuring cell homogeneity in larger cell populations. However, current devices determine extracellular flux by measuring temporal changes in concentration, and thus require...

The accurate measurement of potassium ion levels in biological samples is essential given the impact such ion levels have on many aspects of homeo-stasis. Normal potassium levels are important for the maintenance of heart and nervous system function. Traditionally, potassium ions have been measured in plasma or serum using ion-selective electrodes,...

Heterogeneity within cell populations is a major obstacle for gathering accurate data for genomic and proteomic studies. Single cell analysis has emerged as the platform technology for solving the problem of cell heterogeneity in basic cell studies. A more precise understanding of single cell behavior and differences between individual cells would...