Single cell analysis devices are finding increasing use (for studying cellular metabolism, respiration rates, protein expression, etc.) because they overcome the difficulties in ensuring cell homogeneity in larger cell populations. However, current devices determine extracellular flux by measuring temporal changes in concentration, and thus require...

Cell culture is an indispensible tool in many fields including cell biology, immunology, microbiology, cancer and infectious disease research. However, conventional two-dimensional culture, which involves growing cells as monolayers on solid, impermeable surfaces, may lead to the loss of key phenotypic and functional cell characteristics, and often...

Protein microarrays have the potential to revolutionize proteomics research for vaccine development, drug discovery, and diagnosis. However, this potential is far from being realized mainly due to technical complexity of protein array fabrication and uncertainties about the functionality and integrity of proteins once immobilized onto a solid surface....

Despite advances in treatment, cancer continues to be the leading cause of death. Worldwide, cancer accounted for 7.4 million deaths in 2004; this number is projected to rise to 12 million by 2030 (WHO). A significant need continues to exist for therapeutics to decrease cancer cell viability, invasion, and metastasis. Researchers at Arizona State...

This invention contains the following distinct novelties: 1. The ability to perform flip-chip based electronic packaging for a die that contains mechanical and electrically active MEMS (Micro Electromechanical System) structures. Currently, most MEMS packaging technology still use a old-fashioned (Gold or Aluminum) wire-bonding technology which...

Norovirus causes almost 90% of epidemic, non-bacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis around the world. Extremely infectious and diverse, the virus causes acute diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, headache, fatigue, and fever. Though the illness is generally resolved within 48 hours, mortalities do occur in the young, elderly, and immune-compromised,...

BTEX is a complex group of aromatic volatile organic compounds (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes) associated with automobile exhaust pollution. Many epidemiological studies have linked elevated levels of BTEX to adverse human health effects. Measuring BTEX usually requires the use of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS)....

Bexarotene (Targretin®) is a synthetic retinoid analog used to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (as well as off label to treat other types of cancer). It is especially effective because it has specific affinity for retinoid X receptors (RXR), enabling up-regulation of RXR genes to slow or stop cell proliferation of cancer cells. Despite these advantages,...

Despite decades of research, cancer remains one of today’s most pressing health concerns. Traditional treatment approaches such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy can cause systemic toxicity and become ineffective when resistant tumors emerge. Recently, anticancer strategies have focused on drugs which specifically target tumor-related biological...