Protein microarrays have the potential to revolutionize proteomics research for vaccine development, drug discovery, and diagnosis. However, this potential is far from being realized mainly due to technical complexity of protein array fabrication and uncertainties about the functionality and integrity of proteins once immobilized onto a solid surface....

There is an ever-growing need for synthetic gene assembly. However, none of the currently-available protocols is suitable for robust, reliable high-throughput operation. PCR-based techniques are highly-dependent on the quality of the oligonucleotide raw materials, leading to high and inconsistent error rates. With new applications for synthetic...