Cataracts, a clouding of the eye lens, are a common eye disorder among the population. According to the Center for Disease Control, approximately 20.5 million, or 17.2% of Americans age 40 years or older, have a cataract in one or both eyes. The numbers continue to grow and data suggests that by the year 2020, 30.1 million Americans will have cataracts...

Currently, the fabrication of semiconductor devices requires immensely complicated procedures, performed on high quality materials, under extreme conditions. Consequently, the semiconductor industry is constantly looking for improved methods of and superior materials for device fabrication. Researchers at Arizona State University have nucleated...

In the manufacture of (Silicon based) semiconductor devices, an oxide layer is typically formed at the surface of a wafer prior to device fabrication. This oxide layer (such as SiO2 grown on a Si (100) surface) typically grows completely amorphous with little ordering in the first atomic layers near the interface. This can lead to thickness and...

In the manufacture of semiconductor devices, the substrate, usually Silicon, is oxidized to form an oxide layer at the surface prior to device fabrication. This oxide layer (such as SiO2 grown on a Si (100)) surface typically grows completely amorphous with little ordering in the first atomic layers near the interface. This can lead to thickness...