Heterogeneous immunoassays are attractive for detecting protein markers due to their high specificity and sensitivity, but the required washing steps are difficult to do on small scales. ELISA assays take time and require expensive equipment and skilled personnel. A need exists for an immunoassay that retains the high specificity and sensitivity,...

Many enzyme based applications and processes could be improved if there were a means to increase or decrease the activity of a specific enzyme under a particular set of conditions. In particular, being able to inhibit one enzyme in the presence of others, stabilizing and maintaining its catalytic activity over time, or enhancing its activity under...