In recent years, the proliferation of internet streaming applications has brought about the need for low-bit rate speech and audio coding methods. Several parametric designs such as the sinusoids+transients+noise model have been somewhat successful for speech and audio synthesis. Low-bit rate and streaming applications are restricted by only being...

Although numerous antenna applications demand broad bandwidths, many antenna configurations simply cannot achieve the bandwidths these applications require. For example, both communication and radar systems operate over broad bands of frequency (greater than 2:1 and typically 10:1), yet the electrically or physically limited (compact) antennas available...

Before converting detected power levels to the digital domain, conventional antenna tuning systems couple incident and reflected powers through a three-line directional coupler in addition to two RF power detectors. Replacing these conventional antenna tuning systems with the automatic antenna matching techniques and devices employed at lower radio...

Kitasatospora sp. produces a variety of metabolites with anti-cancer activity, such as the cyclodepsipeptide respirantin. Researchers at Arizona State have isolated other related molecules with anti-cancer and anti-microbial activities: kitastatin 1 and a valeryl modification of respirantin. These three compounds exhibit potent anti- cancer cell...

Most modern speech compression (coding) algorithms, for example those used in cell phones, deliver narrowband (=3200Hz) telephone (near toll) quality speech. This limits the naturalness and intelligibility of the speech signal. Although wideband coding technology is available for most networks, the cost of renewing the entire infrastructure to support...

For mobile devices, reducing power draw and prolonging battery life are critical design objectives. Presently, current-steering digital to analog converters (DACs) require high power consumption and dynamic element matching and are vulnerable to component source mismatch. Accordingly, large rail devices and higher supply voltages are needed. Additionally,...

As a result of inefficiency, radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers typically consume high levels of current. Consequently, there have been numerous attempts to use external circuitry in order to improve the efficiency of RF power amplifiers located on integrated circuits (ICs); however, these attempts have failed to provide the desired improvements...

In many electronics applications various blocks of components on the integrated circuit may have optimal power consumption at different operational voltages. Power optimization and low power requirements are getting even more critical in wireless applications. Several low power schemes are in use today. In some mobile applications, minimizing power...

There is increasing need for better methods of data storage and sharing between computers. Likewise, in order to accommodate the growing use of mobile computing devices, there is increasing need to make consistent the data to which these devices have access. It is impractical and inconvenient to increase storage space on individual machines, as...